Nutrition science is a highly important yet disputed field of biomedical science. Establishing cause and effect linkages between the nutrients and/or foods we consume and the prevention or danger of disease is exceedingly difficult. As a result, evidence-based nutrition is best served by taking into account all available information from various research types, such as nutritional epidemiology studies, randomized controlled trials of behavioral treatments, and controlled feeding studies. The current book aims to offer an overview for people performing research inside of clinical nutrition on how controlled feeding studies may be utilized to obtain insight into integrative physiology/metabolism while also informing dietary guidelines. Herein we have discussed the effects of melatonin on stomach ulcers caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: research on extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. We have also discussed the current status, progress, challenges and opportunities of HIV-AIDS treatment. We discussed the complications in male reproductive health due to diabetes mellitus and potential herbal remedies. We have also discussed the Diabetic Retinopathy & its Management by Micro nutrition. We have also discussed about the complications in male reproductive health due to diabetis mellitus and potential herbal remedies. We have examined the role of Tilapia skin grafting in accelerating burn wound Healing: interdependence of human and Tilapia Skin microbiota and molecular mechanisms.  We have also elaborated the topic on the importance of Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine for the treatment of liver diseases and Prostatitis: A Neuromuscular Disorder: its Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management. We have also discussed thoroughly the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): underlying mechanisms and potential treatments and Autoimmune Diseases and Human Health: An updated insight. We examine the purpose, fundamental principles, and complexity of performing controlled feeding experiments, as well as instances of how they have contributed to breakthroughs in nutrition science and integrative physiology. Our purpose is to provide a resource for people who want to use the experimental advantage afforded by controlled feeding trials in their own research.