The book has been written for the use of M.Sc chemistry, M.Sc Hons chemistry and M.Sc biotechnology students of different universities of India and Abroad. The matter in this book included material chemistry, nomaterials and biofuels, bioenergy and has been presented in systematic way in simple laungage. The content of this book cover the syllabus of two semesters in M.Sc Chemistry, M.Sc Hons Chemistry and one semester of B.Sc Hons Chemistry of credit based course (CBC) system proposed by UGC. The primary objective of this book is to provide background and current knowledge of inorganic nanomaterials, nanoscience and materials chemistry. Another obejective of this book to show the knowledge of biofuels, bioenergy and application of renewable fuels to the society. This book describes the detailed study of heterogenous hydrogenation catalysis and hydrogenation reactions. We aimed to introduce the biofuels, different processes and reaction involve in the production of biofuels which provide introductory knowledge of biofuels. We hope this book will help the students to understand the concept of inorganic nanomaterials, different method of synthesis and their application for the production of biofuels and bio-energy. This book is intended to serve as a pool on the state-of-the-art research in the field of nanomaterials to biofules. The book provides current research on low cost nanomaterials biofuels production techniques. The book consists of seven chapters providing comprehensive coverage on recent study on synthesis of nanomaterials and biofuels production utilizing nanomaterails. It tried our best to cover recent updated syllabus, research related to catalysis, biofuels, biofuels additives and, presented in systematic manner.