According to the most accurate definition, Biotechnology, often abbreviated to biotech, is the area of biology that uses living processes, organisms or systems to manufacture products or technology intended to improve the quality of human life. It is very important to make the specific difference between biotechnology as a distinct science of getting valuable products from molecules, cells, or tissues of viable organisms, and any other applications of bioprocesses that are based on using the whole living plants or animals in different fields of human activities such as bioremediation, environmental protection, organic agriculture, or industrial exploitation of natural resources. This volume having the title APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY is a scientific book containing recent advances of selected research works that are ongoing in certain Biotechnological Applications. The book contains twelve chapters covering various aspects of applied Biotechnology including Cell Lines: Organisation, Characteristics and Applications, Basic Concept of Vaccination, Host Defense Mechanism against Infection, The Role of Yeast in the Production of Fermented Beverages, Enzymes and their Application in Industries, Solid waste management: present and future challenges, Microbial Biotechnology in food and health, Fermentation Technology: Basic concept and applications, Biopesticide and their uses for control of insect pest and diseases, Plant tissue culture: Application in plant improvement and conservation, Animal Biotechnology: Tools and Techniques, Immunoinformatics: Applications of Bioinformatics in Immunology. The aim of designing this book is to make the students well acquainted with the various applied techniques of Biotechnology used in different areas viz., Research, Industry and Medicine. This book will upgrade the knowledge of both UG & PG students and will provide them informative insights about several topics of applied Biotechnology present in their syllabus. We express our heartfelt gratitude to all our respected seniors for providing their valuable guidance throughout.We are grateful to CURIE (Consolidation of University Research for Innovation and Excellence) DST, New Delhi (File No.:DST/CURIE/-PG/2022/51) for financial Assistance. We are extremely thankful to all the eminent authors Dr. Jaya Singh, Dr. Anil K. Sharma, Dr. Varruchi Sharma, Mrs. Nidhi Narula, Dr. Sonal Sareen Pathak, Mrs Harleen Kaur, Dr Pranita Bhatele, Dr. Mitali Das, Dr. Randhir Kumar, Mrs. Smita Rajpoot, Dr. Richa Gumasta, Ms Tanaya Naik, Mr. Saurabh Gupta, Mr. Abhijeet Garg, Ms. Shreya Tiwari and Ms. Sanjana Jain for contributing their innovative ideas in the form of chapters compiled in this book and we really hope the readers will appreciate the high scientific content of all chapters included in this book. We would like to extend our special thanks to Mr. Neman, Section Incharge of IIP International publishers and his production team for providing their technical support during the making of the book and bringing it to the final stage. We are also thankful to our beloved family members for being a constant source of motivation.