This book is an outcome of articles on the Japanese Encephalitis virus. This book is prepared for researchers who want to gain knowledge on JE infection. In particular, for a disease like Japanese Encephalitis (JE), which has epidemic potential and a high case fatality rate, a robust surveillance system is an essential component and prerequisite for any disease control effort. Since there is a lack of JE surveillance in India and the true disease burden is unknown, JE surveillance must be intensified. In order to predict JE outbreaks and to implement prompt and efficient control measures, surveillance is crucial for identifying the true disease burden and early warning signs. Only with the proper surveillance system in place would this be achievable. We, therefore, created a concept of JE research to understand the molecular biology of JE infection. Additionally, epidemiology research and other neurological studies should be prioritized. In this book, it has been clearly mentioned about the basic concept of JE and the data which should not be ignored.a